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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.
As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three environmental groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood category is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are generally small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The biggest of all extant termites would be the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1.
Most worker and soldier termites are blind because they do not have a pair of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes which they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a pair of mandibles.
Consistent with insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with 2 plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like those in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the semen is either immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes discover here of thieves are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a brief amount of time, so that they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and heavier legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species that climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique would be to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to bigger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.
Worker termites undertake the maximum labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and important site are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The process of worker termites feeding other nestmates is known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not own a legitimate worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that do the exact same work without differentiating as a separate caste.53.